• Several studies have shown that independently of body

  2021-04-19

  

  Several studies have shown that, independently of body-weight control, the central actions of leptin improve glycemic control in obese diabetic rat and mouse models [62]. For instance, restoration of OB-Rb expression in OB-Rb-deficient mice, and in particular in POMC neurons, was sufficient to norma

• br Summary and perspectives In recent

  2021-04-19

  

  Summary and perspectives In recent decades, enormous advances have been achieved in the development of enzyme-activatable imaging probes, enabling the accurate detection of enzyme activity in vivo to better understand the biological function of enzymes in disease processes. Activatable probes are

• br Clinical potential of ET receptor biased ligands Is there

  2021-04-19

  

  Clinical potential of ET receptor biased ligands Is there a clinical need for ET receptor biased ligands? Evidence is strongest from research in epithelial ovarian cancer demonstrating that ET-1 stimulated ETA-mediated β-arrestin signalling leads to activation of the oncogenic mediator NF-κB [21]

• br Roles of DDR in epithelial cell differentiation

  2021-04-19

  

  Roles of DDR1 in epithelial cell differentiation Roles of DDR1 in cell migration, and invasion Dichotomous functions of DDR1 in disease progression Conclusions and perspectives The switch in AMG 487 from DDR1 to DDR2 during EMT is another important issue. The DDRs may exert distinct or

• While PRRSV has been recently shown to

  2021-04-19

  

  While PRRSV has been recently shown to induce SGs, the exact nature of SG formation and its underlying mechanism of regulating antiviral immune response during PRRSV infection remain unclear (Zhou et al., 2017). Formation of PRRSV-induced SGs was observed in MARC145 Calpain Inhibitor XII receptor (C

• In the present study BACH downregulation did not correlate

  2021-04-19

  

  In the present study, BACH1 downregulation did not correlate with nuclear accumulation of NRF2, suggesting that these changes were triggered via an independent mechanism. BACH1 is a transcriptional repressor that is regulated by heme. Heme binding to the BACH1 C-terminal domain inhibits BACH1 DNA bi

• br Significance Our understanding of the ubiquitin

  2021-04-19

  

  Significance Our understanding of the ubiquitin biology has been rapidly expanding. The role of the ubiquitin system in the pathogenesis of numerous disease states has increased the interest in finding new strategies to pharmacologically interfere with the enzymes responsible of the ubiquitinatio

• Microcystin-LR br Results and discussion br

  2021-04-19

  

  Results and discussion Conclusion In the current study, a series of novel ‘open-chain’ classes of E. coli PDHc E1 inhibitors, N-acylhydrazone pyrimidine derivatives A, B, and C were designed and synthesized. As novel ThDP analogs, all A displayed moderate to powerful inhibitory activity with I

• The data from drug screening in

  2021-04-19

  

  The data from drug screening in P. berghei (Fig. 3D) provide proof of concept that chemogenomic profiling can be accomplished in P. berghei in the same manner as P. falciparum, in that significant increases in the EC50 ratio were found only for antifolate drugs in the parasite with attenuated TgDHFR

• br Materials and methods br

  2021-04-19

  

  Materials and methods Acknowledgements SD was supported by a pre-doctoral research fellowship from the Flanders Agency for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (VLAIO-Flanders, Belgium). YB is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium). We thank Isabelle

• Compounds and administered orally to

  2021-04-17

  

  Compounds , , and administered orally to fasted Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats 1h prior to trigeminal stimulation, decreased extravasation in this model in a dose-related manner, with an estimated ID of 1, 10 and 100μg/kg, respectively (determined 15min after stimulation, ). For comparison, the clinica

• Exo1 Under conditions of energy scarcity or

  2021-04-17

  

  Under conditions of energy scarcity or nutritional restriction, AMPK, a critical energy sensor, is activated in response to the increased ratio of AMP to ATP. Various kinases may phosphorylate AMPK, leading to its activation. For example, AMPK phosphorylation by liver kinase B 1 (LKB1) at Thr172 res

• br Study br Study meta analyses br

  2021-04-17

  

  Study 1 Study 2: meta-analyses Discussion Ten studies have examined the associations of 5-HTTLPR and COMT Val158Met with alexithymia. However, the findings were mixed. In this study, we found that neither the 5-HTTLPR nor COMT Val158Met is associated with alexithymia. The previous findings

• Some limitations of this study must be noted First since

  2021-04-17

  

  Some limitations of this study must be noted. First, since the pretransplant evaluation of the T-cell immune response was performed just before transplantation, we cannot establish whether samples obtained at different times before the transplant would offer similar results, since end terminal disea

• Recently several Pt IV complexes as prodrugs

  2021-04-17

  

  Recently, several Pt(IV) complexes as prodrugs have been designed and studied to enhance anti-tumor efficacy of traditional Pt(II) drugs, improving their cellular uptake and blood-circulation time [26], [27], [28], [29]. Compared with their Pt(II) counterparts, six-coordinated Pt(IV) complexes with

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